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Objective: COVID-19 caused a deleterious impact on the health care system globally.The roll out of vaccines seems to be the only effective way to curtail the spread of disease.The purpose of this study is to assess the dermatological adverse effect of post COVID-19vaccination on a gender basis. Methodology: This was an observational,cross-sectional,questionnaire-based survey conducted in Pakistan.The sample comprises 518 participants. The questionnaire was self-designed. The trial lasted six months, from August 1, 2022, until January 31, 2023. We used a non-probability sampling technique.Dermatological adverse effects like burning pain, redness, rashes, and lymphadenopathy at the injection site were recorded.Fever was also noted. All the participants have received booster shots or double doses of any one of CCOVID-19 vaccines, such as AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Sinovac, Sinopharm,Pakvac, etc. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Qualitative data was reported as frequency and percentage, and quantitativedata was reported as standard deviation and mean. Result(s): The study included 518 subjects, of whom 262 were males and 256 were females. The mean age of male is 42.70+/-14.05 years and female is 39.04+/-14.6years with a significant difference observed between them (p=0.004). The most common complaint among dermatological adverse effects after first was pain. 106(40.5%) male and 132(51.6%) female reported painwith a significant difference observed between them (p=0.011) followed by swelling which was reported by 92(35.1%) males and 120(46.9%) females with a significant difference observed between them (p=0.006).Burning was reported in 92(35.1%) male and 148(57.8%) female with a significant difference observed between them(p<0.001). Fever was also quite commonly reported in both male 116(44.3%) and female 178(69.5%) with significantdifference observed between them (p<0.001),Likewise post 2nd dose of vaccination, pain was most commonly noted in 90(34.4%) male and female 124(48.4%) female with significant difference observed between them (p=0.001). Moreover, burning was reported by 80(30.5%) malesand 132(51.6%) females with a significant difference observed between them (p<0.001). rashes were reported by76(29.0%) males and 100(39.1%) females with a significant difference observed between them (p=0.016), lymphadenopathy was also significantly associated with genders, (p<0.001). Conclusion(s): This study concluded that the burning pain,redness,rashes,and lymphadenopathywere the most prevalent side effects in male and female post 1st and 2ndCOVID-19 vaccination.Furthermore fever was also reported in majority of subjects.In addition to this higher percentage of side effects were recorded in females as comparedto males.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.
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As a district general hospital (DGH) registrar, clinical duties are varied. The geographical location of these clinical duties can vary in different hospital settings. In our trust, the inpatient Haematology ward was reallocated to become the designated 'COVID ward' at the start of the pandemic, due to a lack of availability of side rooms in the hospital. Haematology inpatients are now managed on general medical wards, with no specific Haematology ward available. This has further increased the geographical spread of registrars' clinical duties. In order to quantify the impact of this geographical spread, we undertook an audit of physical activity over a four-week period. We included the physical activity during working hours recorded by the attending haematology registrar and an on call medical registrar for comparison. We collected data using smart devices on steps walked, distance travelled, time spent walking and calories burnt whilst walking. We collected data for all day shifts worked from 09:00-17: 00 for all days of the week. Overall, the attending haematology registrar walked an average of 10 241 steps a day, covering 7.87 km over a period of 107 min and burning 410 calories whilst active. The medical registrar walked an average of 7498 steps a day, covering 5.76 km over a period of 79 min and burning 300 calories whilst active. By comparison the attending haematology registrar covered 37% more steps per day than the medical registrar, a statistically significant difference (p-value 0.002, students unpaired t-test). During a 7.5 h working day (taking into account a contractual 30-min unpaid lunch break), our DGH haematology registrars spend 107 min walking, which is 24% of their working hours. Our results highlight the time pressures on DGH haematology registrars. Time pressures on registrars in London have become more important as a result of Health Education England's (HEE) medical specialty redistribution programme, which will see the number of specialty trainees in London reduced by 46% over 5 years. Addressing the geographical spread of clinical duties could help to reduce the time pressures on registrars allowing them to spend more time on providing a clinical service. We have presented our data to trust management as evidence to lobby for the creation of a new haematology ward, which has now been included in the plans for a new hospital at our trust.
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Aim: To determine the effect of COVID-19 on eye sight due to increase screen time in undergraduate students of medical school. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: This survey was carried out from October 2022 to December 2022 in Army Medical College Rawalpindi. Questionnaires were filled in person and also online-based platform was used to distribute the e-questionnaire, developed using the Google Form. The participants were asked to share the e-questionnaire with their friends using Facebook and Messenger. Method(s): Participants were selected for the study using non-probability consecutive sampling. College students of 20-25 years were included in the study. Sample size was 400 according to a study done internationally. Participants with comorbidities (cataract, glaucoma) were excluded from study. Participants having (trouble concentrating on things such as reading the newspaper, books or watching television) were included in the study. Digital eye strain was calculated using validated computer vision syndrome (CVS-Q) questionnaire to measure the symptoms such as eye fatigue, headache, blurred vision, double vision, itching eyes, dryness, tears, eye redness and pain, excessive blinking, feeling of a foreign body, burning or irritation, difficulty in focusing for near vision, feeling of sight worsening, and sensitivity to light. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi square test. Results A total number of 470 responses were recorded, out of which 257 (54.7%) were males and 213(45.3%) were females. In our study, the most common symptom was headache, affecting 58.1% of the population before COVID 19 which has increased to 83.2% and the P value is less than 0.001.Theother symptoms which also showed P value less than 0.001 were blurred vision while using digital device, irritated or burning eyes, dry eyes and sensitivity to bright light. Conclusion The practical implication of the study is to create awareness among general population about COVID, that eye sight is Bull`s Target to be affected by it and simple preventing measures can be taken. The purpose of this study is to limelight the importance that during COVID 19 lockdown the excessive use of digital devices and their cons on the ocular health among future health care workers.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.
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The coronavirus disease and the subsequent pandemic that followed drastically changed human civilization with disruptive effects on health and overall wellbeing of mankind. This disruptive effect has been shown to include changes in epidemiology of burn injuries. This study therefore aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 on acute burn presentation at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. This was a retrospective study carried out between April 1st 2019 and March 31st 2021. The period was divided into two: April 1st 2019 to March 31st 2020 and April 1st 2020 to March 31st 2021. Data obtained from the burn unit registry was analyzed using the scientific package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. The only statistically significant finding from this study was the marked reduction in burn ICU admission during the pandemic (p<0.001). A total of 144 patients presented to the burn intensive care unit at UCH Ibadan during the period under review with 92 patients in the pre-pandemic year, and 52 patients in the pandemic year. 0-9 years representing 42% in pre-pandemic, and 30.8% in the pandemic period was the most affected age group. Scald was predominantly among the pediatric age group in both groups. Males were more likely to suffer flame burn in both study periods with a near gender equilibration during the pandemic. Burn injury during the pandemic resulted in more total body surface area burned. Conclusion: The lockdown effect of the pandemic resulted in a significant reduction in acute burn admissions at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, working from home became the new normal for many professionals. While this was beneficial in managing the rapidly spreading virus, it had varying impacts on the mental health of those previously not accustomed to remote work. This paper provides a critical reflection of the researcher's experience of conducting interviews with survivors of trauma while working from home. The research aimed to understand the experiences of significant others supporting patients with severe burn injury in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). As an experienced ICU nurse, the researcher has well developed personal coping strategies for dealing with complex trauma and in working with significant others of patients with severe burn injury in hospital settings. Due to the pandemic, data collection moved from face-to-face in the hospital, as originally intended, to phone or videoconference interviews. 17 participants were recruited, with all participants given the option of videoconference (n = 3) or telephone interviews (n = 14). Interviews had an average length of 55 minutes. This paper discusses the strategies adopted to cope with the sharing of significant others' experiences of trauma while in the home environment. Careful consideration was needed for the researcher, the participants and those within the homes of both researcher and participant, in terms of psychological safety, ethical considerations and rapport building. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Qualitative Methods is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Purpose of Study: Since the COVID pandemic began, there have been a dearth of opportunities for pre-medical students to work with practicing physicians. This is even truer in health care shortage areas such as California's impoverished San Joaquin Valley where the majority of its residents live below the poverty line and face a number of socioeconomic and educational hardships. Inequitable educational opportunities, lack of STEM identity, as well as lack of access to local mentors contribute to underrepresentation of individuals with diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds in STEM professions, including medicine. In partnership with the UCSF Fresno Department of Pediatrics we created a summer virtual Medical Education Apprentice Fellowship to help address some of these issues. Methods Used: This seven-week summer program was directed towards disadvantaged high school and undergraduate students living in the San Joaquin Valley. Four pediatric subspecialists, 4 medical students, 64 undergraduate students, and 4 high school students participated in the program. Participants were divided into specialty teams based on their interests, with each team (burn surgery, endocrinology, gastroenterology, or pulmonology) led by a medical student and faculty. Overall, this program had three primary components: (1) creating animated medical education videos for use in clinics, (2) hosting patient case study series, and (3) providing mentorship and professional development. Summary of Results: Forty-seven percent of students reported being the first in their family to pursue a STEM-related field. Prior to entering this program, only 50% of students felt strongly confident in their ability to be successful in a STEM-related field, and only 30% had a mentor that they fully trusted for guidance and resources. After completing the seven week program, 93% of students reported that they felt the program allowed them to explore medicine in innovative ways, 88% reported that they had made fruitful connections and now have a mentor and resources to guide them, and nearly 75% of students indicated a desire to address the social and health needs of the San Joaquin Valley as a healthcare professional. Conclusion(s): Our Medical Education Apprentice Fellowship provided disadvantaged students in the San Joaquin Valley with an opportunity to improve their digital literacy skills and medical knowledge while receiving mentorship from medical students and physicians. Grassroots programs such as this that form collaborative partnerships between students and health care professionals can be used to foster future healthcare leaders in order to address the health provider shortage in the San Joaquin Valley while providing underrepresented youth the chance to become healthcare champions.
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Aims: Telehealth became a patient necessity during the COVID pandemic and evolved into a patient preference in the post-COVID era. This study compared the % total body weight loss (%TBWL), HbA1c reduction, and resource utilization among patients with obesity and diabetes who participated in lifestyle interventions with or without telehealth. Method(s): A total of 150 patients with obesity and diabetes who were followed every 4-6 weeks either in-person (n = 83) or via telehealth (n = 67), were included. All patients were provided with an individualized nutritional plan that included a weight-based daily protein intake from protein supplements and food, an activity/sleep schedule-based meal times, and an aerobic exercise goal of a 2000-calorie burn/week, customized to patient's preferences, physical abilities, and comorbidities. The goal was to lose 10%TBWL. Telehealth-based follow-up required transmission via texting of weekly body composition measurements and any blood glucose levels below 100 mg/dl for medication adjustments. Weight, BMI, %TBWL, HbA1c (%), and medication effect score (MES) were compared. Patient no-show rates, number of visits, program duration, and drop-out rate were used to assess resource utilization based on cumulative staff and provider time spent (CSPTS), provider lost time (PLT) and patient spent time (PST). Result(s): Mean age was 47.2 +/- 10.6 years and 74.6% were women. Mean Body Mass Index (BMI) decreased from 44.1 +/- 7.7-39.7 +/- 6.7 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001). Mean program duration was 189.4 +/- 169.3 days. An HbA1c% unit decline of 1.3 +/- 1.5 was achieved with a 10.1 +/- 5.1%TBWL. Diabetes was cured in 16% (24/150) of patients. %TBWL was similar in regards to telehealth or in-person appointments (10.6% +/- 5.1 vs. 9.6% +/- 4.9, p = 0.14). Age, initial BMI, MES, %TBWL, and baseline HbA1c had a significant independent effect on HbA1c reduction (p < 0.0001). Program duration was longer for in-person follow-up (213.8 +/- 194 vs. 159.3 +/- 127, p = 0.019). The mean annual telehealth and in-person no-show rates were 2.7% and 11.2%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Mean number of visits (5.7 +/- 3.0 vs. 8.6 +/- 5.1) and drop-out rates (16.49% vs. 25.83%) were lower in telehealth group (p < 0.0001). The CSPTS (440.4 +/- 267.5 min vs. 200.6 +/- 110.8 min), PLT (28.9 +/- 17.5 min vs. 3.1 +/- 1.6 min), and PST (1033 +/- 628 min vs. 113.7 +/- 61.4 min) were significantly longer (p < 0.0001) for the in-person group. Conclusion(s): Telehealth offered comparable %TBWL and HbA1c decline as in-person follow-up, but with a shorter follow-up, fewer appointments, and no-shows. If improved resource utilization is validated by other studies, telehealth should become the standard of care for the management of obesity and diabetes.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Obesity Science & Practice published by World Obesity and The Obesity Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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In this study, the temporal evolution and sources of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in submicron particles at an urban background site in Elche (Spain) were investigated. Measurements of PM1 (N = 200) were carried out over one year (2021). Samples were analysed for organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), WSOC, levoglucosan, elements and major ions. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis was performed in order to identify the sources of WSOC on an annual and a monthly basis. During the study period, traffic restrictions due to COVID-19 led to lower concentrations of PM1 and carbonaceous compounds than expected. The WSOC annual average mass concentration was 0.95 mugm-3, with maximum values during the colder months. The apportionment results indicate that the biomass burning (BB) source contributed 30.63% to WSOC levels, road traffic (RT) accounted for 23.90% of the WSOC, while the contribution of a source related to secondary organic aerosol formation (ammonium sulfate-AS) was 33.80%. Minor sources of WSOC were: soil dust (SD) and secondary nitrate (SN), which contributed 7.44% and 4.22%, respectively, to WSOC concentrations. The WSOC/OC ratio did not exhibit significant variations during the study period, since source contributions were similar for WSOC and OC. The highest values of this ratio were recorded in summer, due to the higher contribution from the AS source to WSOC concentrations.Copyright © 2023 The Authors
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Background: The Covid-19 pandemic causes the postponement of elective surgery. At the same time, patients with post-burn contractures require immediate operation due to impaired function that can lead to depression and disruption of daily life. Operations on contracture patients during a pandemic must be carried out using the principles of accuracy, speed, and safety. The skin graft is one of the most appropriate treatments modalities for releasing contractures. This case study aims to evaluate the skin graft as a modality reconstruction of post-burn contractures during pandemic area. Case Presentation: We present three cases of post-burn contractures who underwent contracture release and skin graft surgery with a hospital stay of 3-5 days. Surgical results showed that graft take reached 90%-100% in all patients, and 100% epithelialization occurred at donor sites between 2-4 weeks postoperatively. There were no post-operative complications. Conclusion: The skin graft is an effective and suitable technique for treating post-burn contractures in the pandemic era. © 2023, Sanglah General Hospital. All rights reserved.
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INTRODUCTION: The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a public health crisis worldwide. Concerns have been expressed about the rapid deterioration of mental health among primary care physicians among whom burnout already had a high prevalence prior to the pandemic. However, there is little data on private doctors during the pandemic. France experienced a second wave with a second lockdown. We aimed to assess and compare physicians' burnout, anxiety and depression symptoms and insomnia between general practitioners (GP) and all other private specialists during the second Covid-19 wave. METHODS: We conducted an online survey of private practitioners registered on Doctolib® (n=32,655), the interface software most used by private practitioners for booking medical appointments in France. Doctors were invited by email to complete an online survey in November 2020. Inclusions were closed on 1st December. The 2nd lockdown lasted from 30th October to 15th December 2020. We used the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) to assess burnout syndrome. A mean score of>50 in at least one subscale defined burnout. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale assessed anxiety and depression symptoms. We used two cut-offs, 8 (>7) and 11 (>10), as both are validated in the ability to find cases. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) measures sleep-related complaints among physicians (cut-off >7). To link variations in the psychological scales to the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the items asked explicitly whether participants considered that "the COVID-19 epidemic we are currently experiencing is a source of excess stress, psychological suffering or burnout". Approval for this study was obtained from the local institutional review board of the University of Paris-Saclay, France. The questionnaires were collected anonymously. Statistical significance was tested using the chi-square test and student's t-test to compare the prevalence between GPs and other specialities. Subsequently, logistic regression models were run for statistically significant associations. RESULTS: 1992 physicians replied, a response rate of 12.8% of those who received the invitation email. Among them, 79.4% suffered from psychological distress (symptoms of anxiety or depression or burnout), of which 71.3% suffered from burnout, 26.7% from depressive symptoms, 58.9% from anxiety symptoms and 45.8% from insomnia. There was no difference in gender between GPs and specialists, but there was an age difference (P<0.001). GPs had a higher prevalence of burnout (OR=1.33 CI95 [1.09;1.63]) and took more psychotropic drugs (1.38 CI95 [1.05;1.81]). They were also more likely to perceive their stress as work-related (OR=1.50 CI95 [1.23;1.81]) or COVID-19-related (OR=1.43 CI95 [1.16;1.77]). CONCLUSION: Our study is the first to assess the mental health of private practitioners in the second wave in association with COVID-19 stress. Firstly, GPs who provide primary care have a significantly higher burnout rate than other doctors. Secondly, COVID-19 stress is associated with more significant psychological distress. Thirdly, almost 80% of the private doctors surveyed suffer from psychological pain, and 71% suffer from burnout. This study has strengths and limitations. Firstly, this study assesses mental health and stress related to its COVID-19 association. Second, this is the largest population of private physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. The low response rate is the main limit of this study. The alarming rates of psychological distress among private doctors and, in particular, GPs should lead to intervention to help doctors reduce stress, burnout and other mental disorders. This study gives a picture of the situation during the second wave and the lock-in, and we need to be cautious with the next waves.
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BACKGROUND: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which began in 2020, has had a major impact on healthcare systems. The spread of COVID-19 has been reported to have affected the readiness to treat patients with burns worldwide. However, the existing reports have evaluated burn care status within a limited time period during the pandemic, and no report clarifies the change in the impact of infection status on burn care from the beginning of the pandemic to the present. METHODS: Japanese Society for Burn Injuries-accredited burn care facilities were surveyed using questionnaires on April 9-23, 2020; June 23-July 6, 2020; July 9-21, 2021; and January 21-31, 2022. Differences between groups were evaluated using Friedman's test or Bonferroni's multiple comparison test, as appropriate. RESULTS: From the 103 facilities included in the study, we received 85, 55, 56, and 58 responses in the first, second, third, and fourth surveys, respectively. We could continuously observe 34 facilities. The rate of acceptance of patients with severe burns improved significantly over time (P < 0.05). However, in the second and third surveys, there was an increase in the number of respondents who did not accept patients with burns irrespective of COVID-19 status. CONCLUSIONS: The number of facilities treating patients with burns who have COVID-19 is increasing; however, COVID-19 care may negatively impact routine burn care. It is necessary to continuously examine medical resource allocation through methods such as information sharing by academic societies.
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Background. The Covid-19 pandemic has had considerable public health and socio-economic impact. Infront of this outbreak, fear of the infection risk, anxiety or more generalized psychological disorders such as symptoms of post-traumatic stress among primary health professionals. Objectives. Evaluate the psychological impact of the Covid-19 pandemic after the first French lockdown on primary health professionals in primary care and assess the evolution of their psychological state. Methods. Regional prospective observational study concerning primary care health professionals (general practitioners, community pharmacists, nurses) working in Lower Normandy (departments of Calvados, Manche and Orne) agreeing to participate in the study. Psychological assessment will be realized by the Perceived Stressed Scale, the Post-Traumatic Stress Scores (Impact of Event Scale-Revised), the burnout scores (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and the sense of feeling. personal efficiency (Generalized Self Efficacy Scale) at 1 month, 6 months and 1 year of the first national confinement (03/17/2020). Expected results. This study will assess the Covid-19 outbreak psychological impact in primary care with a longitudinal design. It also provides information likely to lead to the creation of a longer-term longitudinal cohort follow-up of primary care health professionals in Lower Normandy.
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Studies about headaches associated with acute ischemic stroke in patients suffering from migraine were limited, and therefore we present a clinical case of central post-stroke pain (CPSP) in a 47-year-old woman with migraine and lacunar infarcts in the medulla oblongata and also possible mechanisms of CPSP in patients with migraine. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed lacunar infarction in the medulla oblongata on the right (vertebral artery basin) and a single focus of gliosis in the parietal lobe on the right. Magnetic resonance angiography of cerebral vessels showed the fetal type of structure of both posterior cerebral arteries. This clinical case is a complex clinical situation of a combination of secondary headaches (post-stroke) in a patient with a primary headache (migraine), which was successfully treated by the combined administration of first-line drugs for the treatment of neuropathic pain in a patient with lacunar infarcts in the medulla oblongata. The treatment of CPSP is a difficult task due to the insufficiently unexplored mechanisms of development, the most effective approaches are those aimed at reducing the increased excitability of neurons.Copyright © 2023, Indian Association of Biomedical Scientists. All rights reserved.
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Case report Background: It is well known that chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) has an autoimmune etiology in 40% of cases. It is often comorbid with other autoimmune diseases and a wide spectrum of autoantibodies involved in the pathogenesis of CSU is discussed. Objective(s): We share a clinical case of a rare underline autoimmune disease with later onset of CSU and chronic induced urticaria (CIU). Case: A 38-year- old woman was admitted to the hospital with SARS-CoV- 2 infection. At the age of 22, she was diagnosed with Takayasu's disease involving the aorta, the common and external carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. Surgical interventions were performed twice -angioplasty of the involved vessels, but in both cases restenosis of the affected arteries was observed. Regarding the underlying disease, the patient received 10 mg of methotrexate once a week and 20 mg of prednisone daily. Due to detailed history collection, the patient noted that for the last 4 months she has rashes, bright red in color, rising above the surface of the skin and accompanied by a strong burning and itching dominantly on the upper and lower extremities, trunk. Appearing every day spontaneously, they have a rounded shape (diameter of up to 40-50 mm). While liner scratching the rash has similar contour. Rash elements disappear within a few hours, do not leave traces. During the current hospitalization, a wheal element up to 40 mm in diameter was observed at the wrist area, stayed for a few hours. UAS-7 -42. According to examination: eosinophils 1000 cells/mcl (patient noticed that eosinophilia of the blood has happened before, an examination was conducted, helminthiasis and parasitosis were excluded), total IgE -more than 2000 IU/ml, antibodies to b2-glycoprotein were revealed. Freak test -negative, but the linear wheals were confirmed by retrospective photos. Result(s): In this clinical case, CSU occurs in combination with induced dermographic urticaria. This patient has extremely aggressive urticaria according to its frequency of occurrence despite therapy with systemic GCS and methotrexate. After recovery from coronavirus infection, further examination and consideration of the appointment of biologicals(anti-IgE) is planned.
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Patients with acute burns are more vulnerable to COVID-19 because of physiologically weak immune systems. This study aimed to assess and compare individual characteristics, clinical features, and clinical outcomes of acute burn among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. A retrospective study, with data collected from 611 acute burn patients with or without a COVID-19 diagnosis referred to a burn centre in Iran. Data were collected from April 2020 to 2021. The mean age of acute burns patients with COVID-19 was higher compared with acute burns patients with non-COVID-19 (47.82 vs. 32.59 years, P < .001). Acute burns occurred more frequently in COVID-19 patients with comorbidities compared with non-COVID-19 patients (48.72% vs. 26.92%, P = .003). 58.97% of COVID-19 patients and 55.42% of non-COVID-19 patients had grade II & III and II burns, respectively (P < .001). The mean total body surface area of the burn was higher in COVID-19 patients compared with non-COVID-19 patients (32.69% vs. 16.22%, P < .001). Hospitalisation in the intensive care unit (ICU) was higher in COVID-19 patients than in non-COVID-19 patients (76.92% vs. 15.73%, P < .001). Length of stay in hospital and ICU, the cost of hospitalisation, and waiting time for the operating room was higher in COVID-19 patients compared with non-COVID-19 patients (15.30 vs. 3.88 days, P < .001; 9.61 vs. 0.75 days, P < .001; 30 430 628.717 vs. 10 219 192.44 rials, P = .011; 0.84 vs. 0.24 min, P < .001, respectively). Intubation and mortality in-hospital were higher in COVID-19 patients compared with non-COVID-19 patients (41.02% vs. 6.99%, P < .001; 35.90% vs. 6.12%, P < .001, respectively). Therefore, it is recommended that health managers and policymakers develop a care plan to provide high-quality care to acute burns patients with COVID-19, especially in low-income countries.
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BACKGROUND: Pediatric trauma epidemiology altered during early COVID-19 pandemic period but the impact of the ongoing pandemic is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To compare pediatric trauma epidemiology between the pre, early and late pandemic periods and to evaluate the association of race and ethnicity on injury severity during the pandemic. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of trauma consults for an injury/burn in children ≤16 years between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021. Study period was categorized into pre (January 1, 2019-February 28, 2020), early (March 1, 2020-December 31, 2020), and late (January 1, 2021-December 31, 2021) pandemic. Demographics, etiology, injury/burn severity, interventions and outcomes were noted. RESULTS: A total of 4940 patients underwent trauma evaluation. Compared to pre-pandemic, trauma evaluations for injuries and burns increased during both the early (RR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.6-2.82 and RR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.39-3.63, respectively) and late pandemic periods (RR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.09-1.86 and RR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.55-3.83, respectively). Severe injuries, hospital admissions, operations and death were higher in the early pandemic but reverted to pre-pandemic levels during late pandemic. Non-Hispanic Blacks had an approximately 40% increase in mean ISS during both pandemic periods though they had lower odds of severe injury during both pandemic periods. CONCLUSIONS: Trauma evaluations for injuries and burns increased during the pandemic periods. There was a significant association of race and ethnicity with injury severity which varied with pandemic periods. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective comparative study, Level III.
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Aim: To validate a questionnaire to assess stress and burnout in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects and methods: In this study, content validity, Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability method were utilized among 60 HCWs to evaluate the validity, internal consistency, and reliability of the questionnaire respectively. The final questionnaire was composed of four parts asking for the background information, questions about the stress caused by the COVID-19, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21), and six questions from the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Results: The CVR of 46 questions was equal to 1, making them acceptably valid (CVR > 0.78), so that the items could be arranged into a final questionnaire. Moreover, all items could successfully attain CVI values above 0.79, confirming the content validity of the questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha was between 0.80-0.95 for different sections of questionaire, confirming the stable reliability and high repeatability of the questionnaire. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the DASS-21 offers adequate levels of validity and reliability for assessing the stress, anxiety, and depression among the HCWs engaged with the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the six items adapted from the Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI) were found to provide a good instrument for investigating the job burnout among the HCWs at Masih Daneshvari Hospital during the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Public health officials are gravely concerned about the harm that viral illnesses continue to pose to humanity, various viral outbreaks, including the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona-Virus (MERS-CoV), H1N1 influenza, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS CoV-2 or COVID-19 that struck the globe in December 2019. A wide range of COVID-19 oral symptoms, such as ulceration, blisters, enanthems, hemorrhagic sores and cheilitis. Aim(s): to investigate the prevalence of oral symptoms amongst COVID-19 patients due to the disease's aggressive nature and diverse symptomatology and to assess the impact of oral health conditions on COVID-19 disease severity in a sample of Iraqi people. Material(s) and Method(s): a cross-sectional study was conducted on (200) patients in total, (81) male and (119) female, who were identified as SARS-COV2 patients. Result(s): COVID confirmed patients were involved in the present study with mean age (36.69+/-17.22) years & age range of (16-78) years. at least one of the oral manifestations was present in 72.5% of the patients, while about 27.5% did not experience any oro-facial symptoms. The oral symptom with the highest prevalence was dry mouth 50% followed by gustatory dysfunction 37% then burning mouth sensation 22.5% after that the oral pain 17%;myofacial pain 15.5 %;stomatitis\mucositis 14.5%;the prevalence of aphthous lesions, fissural cheilitis and tongue depapillation were at the same percentage which was 9.5%;then candidiasis 7.5%;the least prevalent oral symptoms was gingival bleeding at percentage of 2.5%. Conclusion(s): COVID-19 has a noticeable effect on oral cavity, there was a correlations between some general and orofacial manifestations of COVID-19.Copyright © 2023, Codon Publications. All rights reserved.